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Ciguayo language
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Ciguayo (Siwayo) was the language of the Samaná Peninsula of Hispaniola (now the Dominican Republic) at the time of the . The appear to have predated the agricultural Taíno who inhabited much of the island. The language appears to have been moribund at the time of Spanish contact, and within a century it was extinct.

Ciguayo was spoken on the northeastern coast of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Magua from southward to at least the , and throughout the .


Lexicon
Little is known of Ciguayo apart from it being a distinct language from Taino and neighboring . The only attested words are "gold", tuob (presumably or ) and a few place names such as Quizquella (presumably ), meaning "very mountainous." This makes it unlikely that the language is Arawakan or Cariban, as languages of those families have simple V and CV syllable structures even in loanwords that were originally CCV or CVC. Granberry & Vescelius (2004) speculate that the closest parallels might be in the of Honduras.
(2025). 081735123X, University of Alabama Press. 081735123X

Granberry & Vescelius (2004) analyze the morphemes of tuob 'gold' and Quizquella 'very mountainous' as:

to-w-b(e) 'gold'
  • to- (cf. Eastern t 'heavy(ness)')
  • - w- (cf. Eastern Tol - w- 'its')
  • - b(e) (cf. Eastern Tol - pe 'stone')

kʰis-kʰe-ya 'very mountainous'
  • kʰis- (cf. Eastern kʰis 'hard rock')
  • - kʰe- (cf. reduplication in Eastern Tol)
  • - ya (cf. Eastern Tol yo 'tree')


See also
  • Pre-Arawakan languages of the Greater Antilles

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